Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) has particular experience in analysing highly dynamic, highly non-linear situations such as vehicle impacts. The approaches taken to these problems range from lumped parameter models to finite element analyses using the explicit dynamic code DYNA3D as the primary analysis tool. It is this DYNA3D approach that will be the focus of this paper. However, other analysis techniques are also used such as MADYMO (an advanced lumped parameter code) and static, or implicit, finite element codes. Wherever possible the models are verified against test results. The work falls broadly into three areas:(1) Vehicle engineering - vehicle structureal behaviour including the interaction of anthropomorphic dummies with the vehicle, airbags and restraint systems; (2) Biomechanics - understanding how injuries occur in vehicle accidents by modelling the human body and applying the results in improving dummy design; (3) Roadside structures - the performance of safety barriers, bridge parapets, and other roadside furniture. Typical projects within these areas are described in the following sections. (A)
Abstract