Recently, a number of tolling schemes have been introduced on an urban (Stockholm, London), suburban and national level (Germany, Austria). Not surprisingly, there is little correlation in the technology choices of the various programs. This is partly the result of national and political incentives, but in other cases the technology choice was just the outcome of a technology open tender and probably reflected the best total cost of ownership (TCO). The development of (cost for) technology is rapidly moving along and what was true yesterday may not be valid anymore tomorrow. A study recently conducted in the Netherlands clearly showed an enormous progress and at the same time a distinct difference in the suitability of technologyfor different applications. Also in the near future a number of tenders for road charging systems may be expected in several countries of the EU which makes this question even more interesting. This paper aims to investigate the factors influencing the choice of technology for tolling systems in various applications and also attempts to create an insight in the further development of these factors towards the near future. For the covering abstract see E134653.
Abstract