Illuminated, active, in-pavement marker systems (IPMs) can provide a greater level of information to road users than conventional pavement marker systems. Traditionally, IPMs have been used for airport runways and taxiways, and pedestrian crosswalks. More recently, IPMs have been applied in numerous traffic guidance applications. This report documents (1) the state of IPM technology, (2) notable experiences with historical IPM applications, (3) detailed experiences with more recent IPM applications, and (4) IPM research needs. The report will be of particular interest to the traffic and safety engineering community. Information for this report was obtained through a review of published literature, a formal survey of transportation practitioners, an informal survey of IPM vendors and users, and follow-up interviews. The consultants, Anthony Voigt, Jodi Carson, Jonathan Tydlacka, and Lori Stevens Gray of the Texas Transportation Institute, collected and synthesized the information and wrote the report. The members of the topic panel are acknowledged on the preceding page. This synthesis is an immediately useful document that records the practices that were acceptable within the limitations of the knowledge available at the time of its preparation. As progress in research and practice continues, new knowledge will be added to that now at hand. (Author/publisher) This report may be accessed by Internet users at http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_syn_380.pdf
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