This report calculates anticipated environmental implications in the form of exhaust emissions and altered energy consumption, caused by extended bus traffic and improved railway traffic according to current plans. A further deregulation of Swedish bus traffic will involve redistributions with respect to people's choice of travel mode for long range passenger transport, which will influence shares of the total passenger transportation volume for bus, railway, air and automobile travel. For the year 1995, the environmental implications, compared to a situation where the present bus and railroad passenger transport offerings remain unaltered, will be approximately 2% each lower emissions lower emissions nationwide from hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from long range passenger transport. Emissions of nitrogen oxides would decrease by slightly less than 1%. For the year 2000, emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide would be reduced by more than 3%, while emissions of nitrogen oxides emissions would again be lowered by almost 1%. (A)
Abstract