This article reviews the great progress made during recent years in the use of fibre optics as a medium for video communications. Although copper cable still predominates, fibre optics has gained acceptance in commercial, industrial, and military installations. Its benefits are impressive, and include: (1) immunity to radio frequency and other electromagnetic interference; (2) low signal degradation; (3) ability to transmit over long distances; (4) increased bandwidth and capacity; and (5) lighter and smaller cables. However, there is still widespread resistance to the technology, related to cost, reliability, and inadequate technical support in the field. To help overcome this resistance, the article explains optical cables, sources, detectors, connectors, and modulation schemes, whose understanding is essential for the better specification and design of fibre-based video communications. In addition, it describes some features that enhance the installation of systems and improve their reliability. In particular, some trouble-shooting facilities are described, including: (1) surface mount technology; (2) status indicator light-emitting diodes (LEDs); and (3) SpectraSmart, which produces cost savings in network maintenance, and displays alarm conditions in plain language as a basis for action.
Abstract