This report presents the results of sled tests with three test subject types: cadavers (Postmortem Human Subjects), EUROSID 1 and BIOSID. Twenty-one cadaver tests were performed and 9 dummy tests a piece. For all test subject types and measurement locations the 3 ms. acceleration standard deviations were low. Mean 3 ms. accelerations showed no consistent relationship in magnitude between subject types. The measured dummy rib deformations were compared to the calculated cadaver deformations. The mean cadaver thoracic deformations for both test conditions were greater than those measured for the dummies. Comparing the dummies, at 24 km/h BIOSID demonstrated greater deformation and at 32 km/h EUROSID 1 exhibited the greater deformation. Standard deviations for dummy rib deformations were low, as expected cadaver values were high. The normalized shoulder panel forces for the dummy tests were compared to the International Standards Organization corridors, which in turn had been previously calculated from this cadaver data. EUROSID 1 data was in good agreement with the corridors for both tests, however BIOSID forces during 24 km/h impacts were too large. The dummies' general movement and impact posture influenced the resulting accelerations and forces. BIOSID developed a lean towards the impact panel during the pre-impact phase, which resulted in higher shoulder forces and lower pelvic forces. The best predictor of trunk Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) injury severity was the Viscous Criterion (VC) calculated from acceleration at the 4th. rib combined with an age factor.
Abstract