Crash simulations were performed using human cadavers and Hybrid Ill dummies in order to investigate biofidelity. Frontal collisions were simulated at an impact velocity of 50 km/h and a mean car deceleration of between 14 and 16 g. The surrogates were protected with either a 3-point belt or an air bag -knee bolster system. Two belt systems of different stiffnesses were used, namely 6% and 16% elongation. Assessment of Hybrid Ill biofidelity was based on the kinematic behaviour and thoracic responses. The global kinematic behaviour of the Hybrid III dummy in frontal collisions restrained with a 3-point belt is comparable with those of the cadaver. However, the magnitude of cadaver head-neck frontal flexion is clearly greater. By observing the acceleration and deformation measurements it appears that the dummy's thorax is stiffer than the cadaver. The results show that in frontal collision simulations the biofidelity of the dummy neck and thorax should be improved to allow for more valid assessment of occupant protection criteria. (A)
Abstract