Abstract
The aim of the ECIS study has been to improve our understanding of bottlenecks and providing a fuller and fully comparable description of the description of the present situation. In fact, this is the first truly comparative study of infrastructure bottlenecks at the European level, as all national networks have been examined through a standard set of performance indicators. The study includes all important traffic modes in Europe except for sea shipping and pipelines. However, the main focus on the study concerns the road and rail sectors where important new findings and innovative approaches to bottlenecks have been achieved. (A)