Some countries (USA, Scandinavian Countries) have implemented procedures for clinical evaluation for several years, many other countries still focus on detection of alcohol in drivers. The countries which use clinical procedures of detection of impairment are mainly the countries where general laws forbid to proceed to biological detections in the absence of clinical signs of impairment (USA, Germany, Scandinavian Countries). On the other hand, the countries where biological detection doesn't need any suspicion of alcohol consumption have slightly left their traditional procedures of behavioural evaluation, this is due to the increasing use of alcohol detection in the breath. If the biological evidence is an important step in the countries using clinical evaluation procedures, this step is not always required for justice procedures. On another hand, in the countries where the biological evidence is now the main one, only this biological evidence is considered by the justice even if the penal code still keeps the notion of impairment without alcohol detection, a notion less and less used by justice courts.
Abstract