Programmed instruction/testing was used to teach safety techniques to high school students in driver education (n . 192). The independent variable was training feedback/testing, which had four levels:(a) no test and no feedback; (b) test with an ibm answer format, but no item feedback; (c) test with a punchboard answer format and immediate individual item feedback; and (d) double testing with punchboard answer format and training feedback. Pressey punchboards provided the programmed testing training. This device registers a response and indicates the correctness of the choice immediately. If initially wrong, a student continued working until that item was correct. Separate analyses of variance were done for (a) number of driving accidents and (b) moving violations year by year in the 3 years following training. For the first year only, the punchboard-twice drivers had one fourth the accidents of the no-test control drivers (p <.05).(A)
Abstract