Cognitive and performance differences among novice and experienced drivers.

Author(s)
Israely, R.
Year
Abstract

Die hohe Unfallrate bei Fahranfaengern wird im Allgemeinen auf den Mangel an fahrbezogenen kognitiven Faehigkeiten zurueckgefuehrt. Dennoch sind die meisten Interventionsprogramme nicht praeventiv, sondern reaktiv ausgerichtet. Die US-amerikanische Studie hat unter Verwendung computerbasierter Verfahren die Unterschiede zwischen Fahranfaengern und erfahrenen Lenkern untersucht. Mittels eines Fahrsimulators wurde eine Vielzahl kognitiver Faehigkeiten und Fahrverhaltensweisen untersucht. Die Gruppe der erfahrenen Lenker hat auf verschiedenen kognitiven Skalen hoehere Werte erreicht, darunter Aufmerksamkeit, Wahrnehmung und Risikoverhalten. Zusaetzlich wurde ihr gesamtes Fahr- und Sicherheitsverhalten besser bewertet als das der Fahranfaenger, auch waren erfahrene Lenker weniger oft in Simulator-Unfaelle verwickelt. Eine weitere Auswertung der Testdaten ergab, dass die kognitive Leistung durch Erfahrung und nicht durch das Alter beeinflusst wird. Zur Gesamtaufnahme siehe ITRD D366241. (KfV/K) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Novice drivers' high rate of car crash involvement is a great concern these days, and the common knowledge is that it stems in part from the lack of driving related cognitive abilities on the road. Despite the high cost in property and lives, most intervention programs in use today are reactive rather than preventive. The study utilizes computer-based tools in a laboratory-like setting, and attempts to examine the differences between novice and experienced drivers in regard to a variety of cognitive abilities and driving performance (overall safety ranking and number of accidents) on a driving simulator. The experienced drivers group achieved higher scores on different cognitive scales, including attention, perception and risk taking. In addition, overall driving competence and overall safety was better for the experienced drivers group that also tended to be involved in less simulator crashes than the novice drivers group. Further exploration of drivers' data proved that it is experience and not age, that affects cognitive performance. The results prove that drivers' experience, rather than age, affect a variety of cognitive abilities on the road that can lead to higher risk for crash involvement. The study is a first step in exploring alternative-indoor analyzing methods as a means to prevent car crashes, and supply better analyzing and training capabilities for novice drivers. (A)

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Publication

Library number
C 49609 (In: C 49591) /83 / ITRD D366259
Source

In: Fit to Drive : proceedings of the 4th International Traffic Expert Congress, Tallinn, June 4th-5th 2009, p. 87-94

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