Abstract
On occasion, a driver may overtake and collide with a slow-moving or stopped vehicle. When this occurs, the driver is typically blamed for being inattentive, driving too fast or failing to monitor driving conditions. Often, however, in-depth analysis reveals that an ordinary driver with normal human capabilities and limitations cannot reasonably perform the evasive response required to avoid a collision. This prompts the question, "Given a particular set of circumstances, is time available for the motorist to detect the presence of such vehicles, perceive the hazard (closure rate), evaluate available alternative collision-avoidance opportunities, decide which alternative is best, then manoeuvre to avoid a collision?". (A)