Cette publication est une synthese des nombreux travaux qui ont tente de cerner la nature et l' ampleur reelle du probleme que pose l' usage des drogues illicites et en particulier l' usage du cannabis lors de la conduite automobile. L' impact du cannabis consomme avec de l' alcool, lors des sorties du samedi soir par des jeunes (et des moins jeunes) en deux ou quatres roues, ne doit plus etre ignore et devra faire l' objet de mesures futures, tant dans le champ de la repression que dans celui de la prevention. Alors que les dangers de l' alcool au volant commencent enfin a etre reconnus au sein du corps social francais, le risque routier est encore mal percu par les jeunes consommateurs de drogues licites ou illicites et les acteurs de la prevention ne se sont pas encore ou trop peu empares de cette question. English abstract: This publication is a synthesis of publications, maily american, european and australian, based on experimentation or epidemiology and dealing with the problem of illicit drugs use, particularly cannabis use in driving. During the nineties, cannabinoids appear as the more frequently detected illicit drug among drivers, whether involved in accidents or not. Prevalences of cannabis depend of the populations studied. Sample selection (representative or not) and means of drug detection (choice of biological fluid), heavily influence the measures. The results of various studies concord on the idea that traffic risk is related either to high concentrations of THC or to the combination of use with alcohol. The impact of this combined cannabis-alcohol use, during weekends trips of young people (and adults) should not be ignored anymore and lead to the implementation of future countermeasures (enforcement and prevention). If drunk driving begins at last to be acknowledged as a traffic risk in France, illicit drugs users do not yet perceive the danger related to accidents. Prevention in this field does not yet exist. (Author/publisher)
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