Casual and experienced bicyclists were immersed in a "virtual" or computer-generated simulation of a two-lane roadway environment in order to elicit from each ratings of the perceived risk associated with various lane conditions as well as different vehicle speeds and volumes. Ratings were made under cyclist, driver, and roadside viewing conditions. Levels of perceived risk varied inversely with lane width as well as the presence/absence of lane markings delineating vehicle from non-vehicle areas. Effects were most pronounced for older subjects (over 20) and under conditions where ratings were made from driver's eye point. With respect to the influence of vehicle speeds and volumes, speed exerted the most pronounced effect. Results are in basic agreement with parallel Federal Highway Administration study conducted under "real" conditions. Results suggest that virtual/simulated conditions may, where appropriate, represent a cost effective alternative to traditional field research methods. (A)
Abstract