This literature study investigates what theoretical model can be formulated which represents as effectively as possible what is presently understood about the influence of both the severity of punishment, and likelihood of detection, on the degree to which road users commit traffic offences. The paper describes: (1) the deterrence theory. This theory offers a theoretical framework for understanding the influence of both punishment and risk of detection on traffic offences; (2) a theory on planned behaviour as applicable to traffic offences; (3) various studies in the field of driving while under the influence of alcohol (DWI) such as field study, experimental study, and survey study; (4) studies into the seat belt use; (5) studies into speed offences, mainly in relation to police enforcement; (6) the cognitive decision-making theories which may be relevant in the field of traffic-related research into offences. The paper argues that decision-making in traffic also involves decisions concerning risk taking; and (7) a general model of the individual factors which determine: a) how road users experience both punishment and risk of detection; and b) how they respond.
Abstract