Abstract
The authors have developed a traffic simulator that enables the effect oflarge-area traffic policies to be estimated by using precise CO2 (carbon dioxide) emission values. To achieve CO2 emission simulation considering the road environment, driving behavior, and service reaction, the authors developed two technologies. The first is a precise vehicle model with an internal driver decision-making model and vehicle dynamics model. The secondis a layered simulation architecture for reduced computational complexity. The authors confirmed that CO2 emission was reasonably estimated by evaluating the idling reduction and recommended speed notification service with a precise city-scale simulation on a distributed environment.