This paper presents a chronological steps model of preventing a drink-driving accident, and policies regarding the alcohol and the effect of alcohol availability. In the model, the steps in time order are: (1) a decision to spend an evening in a place where drink is sold; (2) the management of alcohol consumption during the evening; (3) deciding whether or not to drive after the drinking session; and (4) the behavioural consequences of this decision. For each step, factors affecting formal and informal social control of behaviour are listed. Several possible drink-driving prevention policies are discussed. Raising the minimum age of drinking in the USA from 18 to 21 seemed to have a preventive effect, but this type of measure seems unacceptable in Europe. Although increase in alcohol prices seems to reduce drinking and thus drink-driving, firm evidence of this is still lacking. Ignition interlocks were introduced in the USA around 1969 to reduce re-offending among drink-drivers already convicted and have been effective. Although random breath testing seems to be effective, it can be effective only at the cost of intense publicity and police activity on the road. In the USA, curfews seem to be effective and acceptable, even by young people. Other measures include passenger intervention and disco buses.
Abstract