The Dutch government has set ambitious targets for greenhouse gas emission reduction by 2020. Therefore, it aims at accelerating the market penetration of innovative technologies for sustainable mobility. Three innovation-scenarios have been developed for the Dutch road transport sector until 2040 with penetration of a number of technical innovations in drive trains and alternative fuels. The options considered are (plug-in) hybrids, low-rolling resistance tyres, intelligent transport systems, biofuels, CNG, all-electric and hydrogen. This report presents results of a detailed assessment of the emission reductions and costs for four specific ‘transition paths’ within these scenarios: intelligent transport systems, biofuels, ‘hybrid, plug-in hybrid and all-electric’ and hydrogen. Furthermore, the report provides a framework and suggestions for the Dutch government on how to effectively and efficiently support these innovative technologies, within an international context. The report concludes that technical innovations in drive trains and alternative fuels can achieve substantial CO2 emission reductions in the Dutch road transport sector via biofuels and intelligent transport systems (short term) and zero emission vehicles (long term: electricity or hydrogen). The different technologies all have different challenges, requiring customised policy options that should be in line with the stage of the innovation (R&D, demonstration, early market or commercialization). Furthermore, as the large scale market penetration of new vehicle types takes several decades, early action is necessary. Combined with the large costs involved, a long-term strategy with clear priorities is needed. This strategy should incorporate the following aspects: CO2 emission reduction, energy savings, air quality and reduction of the dependency on imported oil. (Author/publisher)
Abstract