The author considers the results of children and the elderly wearing seat belts designed for the average adult. Legislation relating to the fitting and use of seat belts in a number of countries (Australia, Austria, New Zealand, Sweden and Switzerland) is outlined. Figures for the reduction in child deaths and injuries and information on the safest seating positions are provided. The potential for injury to a child's neck and abdomen when using an adult seat belt is discussed. Lap belts and lap/shoulder belts are compared and the design and position of belt, buckles and anchorages considered. It is concluded that better crash data are required for the design of a seat belt suitable for children. The elderly show a reduced tolerance to injury and in addition have problems of reaching and using seat belts. New technologies which might be of particular use to the elderly are discussed including passive restraint systems, supplementary airbags, pre-tensioned seat belts and ergonomic improvements. Also considered are knee bars and anti-lacerative inner coatings for windshields.
Abstract