The establishment of transport and tariff associations rather than electronic ticketing in Germany, Austria and Switzerland is described. The features of such associations are illustrated by those of the Munich Association (MVV). The tariff system of the Munich Transport and Tariff Association is explained. The region is divided into four concentric zones. The range of tickets in the cash tariff and season tariff is described. The distribution of tickets via self-service ticket machines in stations, transport vehicles and sale points is outlined. The same tariff is uniformly applied in the entire association's region and can be used on the lines of all the integrated transport companies. MVV carries out extensive representative sample surveys of passengers to ensure revenues are properly allotted to the partners of the association.
Abstract