Increasing numbers of advanced information systems are becoming available in modern vehicles. Such systems must be designed and assessed to be safe for use by the driver. Evaluation of information systems on public roads, while ecologically valid, presents ethical and experimental difficulties. Driving simulation, however, provides empirical control and reduces subject exposure to unnecessary risks. This paper discusses a study conducted on public roads and in a mid-fidelity driving simulator. In the two environments, it explores the distribution of visual and cognitive demand resulting from the use of a congestion warning device, an in-car entertainment system and normal driving. The results The results demonstrate the same significant differences in both road and simulator trials for increased and high visual and cognitive demands. Implications for the use of simulation to improve information system design prior to public road evaluation are discussed. (A)
Abstract