The costs of an improved public transport system in an urban area (Baltimore) were compared as an alternative to extensive construction of motorway, to meet future travel demands. The results from a modal split model show that an improved bus system (better buses, factor and more frequent service, revised tariff structure) can compete effectively with the requirement from a wholly automobile- oriented system. As far as quantifiable costs are concerned, these are only marginally less for the bus system but with inclusion of the intangible social costs to the community it is felt that a public transport system is to be favoured. Special privileges, e.g. rights of way, are indispensable if the bus system is to maintain its competitive position.
Abstract