Abstract
The evolution of toll systems is a multi-path process. One path is the technology side, leading to more sophisticated systems in tolling and enforcement. Another path is related to the requirements of European legislation, namely the Directives "Interoperability" and "Eurovignette". In additionto the required future coexistence of satellite based tolling systems andmicrowave based systems the operators and manufacturers of already implemented and new tolling systems show their capability of cooperation and technical improvement in terms of interoperability and the establishment of bilateral or multilateral solutions in everyday life. For the covering abstract see E134653.