Neben technischen und gesetzlichen Massnahmen der Verkehrssicherheit nehmen kommunikative Anspracheformen zur Verbesserung der Verkehrssicherheit junger Fahrer und Fahrerinnen einen hohen Stellenwert ein. Da vielfach aehnliche Problemstellungen und Methoden auch in anderen Praeventionsbereichen existieren, beinhaltet das vorliegende Projekt eine systematische Recherche innovativer Anspracheformen fuer die Zielgruppe besonders risikodisponierter Jugendlicher. 42 Programme aus unterschiedlichen Praeventionsbereichen wurden vergleichend analysiert und bewertet. Darueber hinaus wurde ein Projekt unter der Bezeichnung "Risikokommunikation" konzipiert und in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Polizeipraesidium Oberfranken praktisch erprobt. Teilgenommen haben insgesamt rund 1.300 Jugendliche. Die Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass es weniger der Erfindung neuer Anspracheformen, als vielmehr deren formativ evaluierter, zielgruppenspezifischer Anwendung bedarf. Dies bedingt einfach handhabbare Anspracheformen (Diskussionen und Rollenspiele), die auch instruierte Laien umsetzen koennen. Die Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen richten sich auf die Beseitigung von theoretischen und empirischen Begruendungs- und Evaluationsdefiziten, die Verbesserung der Umsetzungspraxis und die Beruecksichtigung der neuen Medien. Bericht zum Forschungsprojekt 82.158/1999 (ITRD-Nummer D706919) der Bundesanstalt fuer Strassenwesen. Titel in Englisch: Promoting road safety by adopting a differentiated approach to addressing young male and female drivers. English abstract: Efforts to improve the road safety of young male and female drivers do not focus merely on technical and legal road-safety measures; great importance is also attached to the forms in which this group of drivers are addressed. Similar problems and methods can often be found in other areas of prevention; this project therefore included a systematic research into innovative forms of addressing the target group, the target groups being young people particularly disposed to take risks. Forty-two programmes from different areas of prevention were subjected to comparative analysis and evaluation. A project entitled "risk communication" was also designed and tested in practice in cooperation with the police headquarters of Upper Franconia (Polizeipräsidium Oberfranken). Approximately 1,300 young people took part. The investigation comes to the conclusion that what is required is not so much the development of new forms of address, but rather that the use of forms of address is based on formative evaluation and is specific to target groups. This necessitates easily manageable forms of address (discussions and role games) which can also be implemented by the lay public once they have been given relevant instruction. The conclusions and recommendations are geared towards removing theoretical and empirical deficiencies in justification and evaluation, improving practical implementation and taking into consideration new media. The appendices to the original report contain additional information on the forms of address (based on either personal communication or mass/media communication) used in the areas of road safety, drugs/addiction prevention and violence/criminality prevention; this information is given by means of so-called "description notices" of the individual measures; these are described in greater detail in chapter 3 of the report. A separate volume of appendices also provides an outline of the project, gives the main areas of discussion for conducting expert talks and lists the names of the participants in the working group, the expert discussions and the workshop. This volume of appendices also contains transcriptions of selected expert discussions and interviews, provides details of the investigation concepts, gives information on the survey instruments used and provides a table of the results of the accompanying investigation into the operation in practice. The extensive "description notices" and the other appendices have been omitted from this publication. They can be requested on CD at no charge from the Federal Highway Research Institute. References to the "description notices" and appendices have been retained in the report text for the reader’s information. The English abstract is available at http://www.bast.de/htdocs/veroeffentlichung/kurzfass/m165.htm.
Abstract