This chapter discusses the difference in the nature of the problem of investment in transport infrastructure, between non-urban and urban contexts. In an urban context, the integration of transport planning and general land-use planning is especially important. Investment is needed in a non-urban transport infrastructure system, when: (1) demand increases autonomously; (2) technical change occurs; or (3) factors, such as relative values of time and accident risks, change. In urban transport investment, one problem is to identify the various benefit and disbenefit items, and a harder problem is to make the required calculations. The fundamental nature of the difference of the urban investment problem is stated. Modal-split models investment problem is stated. Modal-split models for evaluating urban road investments are discussed, together with the question of what types of urban development are desired.
Abstract