Nationale Grenzen ueberschreitende Kooperation ist grundsaetzlich auch im Bereich des Rettungsdienstes als sinnvoll und erstrebenswert anzusehen. Allerdings erfordert eine "alltaegliche" Zusammenarbeit gerade im Bereich der Gefahrenabwehr und Daseinsvorsorge ein besonders hohes Mass an Abstimmung und Regelung, zumal die einzelnen Nationalstaaten ueber sehr unterschiedliche rettungsdienstliche Systeme verfuegen. Dies gilt in besonderem Mass fuer den bodengebundenen Rettungsdienst, da dieser die regulaere rettungsdienstliche Versorgung sicherstellt. Die Luftrettung wird sowohl in Deutschland als auch in allen Anrainerstaaten - mit Ausnahme der Schweiz - immer als Ergaenzung des bodengebundenen Rettungsdienstes durchgefuehrt. Mit dem Zusammenwachsen der Europaeischen Union nimmt auch die Bedeutung des grenzueberschreitenden Rettungsdienstes immer mehr zu. Die Bemuehungen der Europaeischen Union, die Zusammenarbeit der grenznahen Regionen (Euregios) zu foerdern zeigen ebenso Wirkung wie die Aufhebung der Grenzkontrollen und die damit verbundenen politischen Entwicklungen. Die Abkommen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit allen Anrainerstaaten ueber die grenzueberschreitende Zusammenarbeit kommunaler Gebietskoerperschaften ermoeglichen es, auf lokaler Ebene bilaterale Kooperationsvereinbarungen zu schliessen. Darueber hinaus bestehen seit circa 20 Jahren ebenfalls Abkommen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit den Nachbarlaendern ueber die gegenseitige Hilfeleistung bei Katastrophen und schweren Ungluecksfallen (Katastrophenschutzabkommen). Als Problemfelder im Rahmen grenzueberschreitender Kooperation, die einer Regelung beduerfen, wurden die Bereiche Finanzierung/Kosten, Recht, Organisation, Kommunikation und Standards/Qualifikation identifiziert. Durch die interdisziplinaere, alle relevanten Strukturen und Organisationen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland umfassende Zusammensetzung der Teilnehmer des Workshops "grenzueberschreitender Rettungsdienst" und deren intensive und engagierte Bearbeitung der Materie entstanden im Ergebnis im gemeinsamen Konsens getragene Grundlagen und Vorgaben zur organisatorischen Ausgestaltung regelhafter grenzueberschreitender Kooperation und Rahmenrichtlinien. (Author/publisher) Bericht zum Forschungsprojekt 82.180/2000 (ITRD-Nummer D707318) der Bundesanstalt fuer Strassenwesen. Titel in Englisch: Impediments to trans-border rescue efforts. English Abstract: Cross-border cooperation of the various national Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is both reasonable and desirable. However, cooperation on a daily basis requires a high level of coordination and regulation. This is especially true in the fields of disaster preparedness and security, where the various countries have a multitude of completely different EMS-systems in particular as regards their ground systems which are responsible for providing the first level of emergency services. In Germany as well as in all neigh-bouring countries (except Switzerland), helicopters only serve to supplement the standard ground services. As the integration of the European Union continues, cross-border EMS becomes increasingly important. Cooperation in the border regions (Euregios) has been improved thanks to the elimination of customs controls, the efforts the European Union to encourage same and other related political developments. The Federal Republic of Germany has signed treaties with all neighbouring countries regarding the cross-border cooperation of communities. These treaties enable regional authorities and cities to conclude co-operation agreements on a local basis. Furthermore, Germany and the neighbouring countries concluded agreements on mutual cross-border support in disasters and major incidents approximately 20 years ago. In an attempt to do justice to the subject in its full complexity, the study included not only an analysis of the relevant literature, but also a structured written enquiry sent to the German Federal States (Bundesländer) and a semi-standardized questionnaire sent to the emergency medical services along the German border. At the end of the project, a workshop was held with experts and representatives of all of the involved organizations. The study identified a range of problems related to cross-border cooperation which remain to be dealt with. The problems are mainly found in the areas of financing and costs, legal issues, organization, com-munication and standards/qualifications. The study considered these hindrances and obstacles and in particular in the exchanges between experts in course of the workshop generated a number of tentative procedures and approaches to overcome them. The workshop "Cross-Border Emergency Medical Services" (grenzüberschreitender Rettungsdienst), which was an interdisciplinary workshop composed of experts and representatives from all relevant structures and organizations, achieved a consensus regarding the following points: - the initial premises and core aspects of a [proposed] treaty as well as the contents of the corre-sponding contractual provisions - guidelines for the identification and description of the minimum standards and qualifications required to ensure the necessary quality - the basis and the prerequisites for organizing regular cross-border cooperation. Although the study focused on the heterogeneous EMS systems of Germany and the bordering countries (10 countries were included in this study), the proposed framework also offers a basis for setting up and expanding cross-border cooperation of emergency medical services in other regions of the European Union which do not share a border with the Federal Republic of Germany. In closing, the project not only describes the status quo but also provides a compendium and support for setting up, expanding and optimizing cross-border cooperation in the field of preclinical emergency medicine. Amongst other things, the original report includes, as appendices, the questionnaires used in the investi-gation and their evaluations, information on the workshop that was conducted as well as samples of the topics alarm signalling, list of indicators and the joint alarm and turn out system. Reproduction of these appendices was rejected in the present publication. They are available at the Federal Highway Research Institute and can be viewed there. References to the appendices have been maintained in the report for the information of the reader. (Author/publisher)
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