Human factors that may undermine the performance of normally competent drivers are discussed in relation to what the highway engineer can do to mitigate decrements in driver performance. Driver physiology and performance limitations are outlined with reference to visual illusions and the effects of poor visibility. Research on the legibility of traffic signs is discussed. The rate of information processing in the brain. falling asleep when driving, short- and long-term memory, the benefits of repeat traffic signing, the effects of fatigue, alcohol, other drugs, emotion, stress, motivation for risk and individual physical and mental characteristics are considered in relation to road safety. The nature of errors and mistakes when driving is defined and highway design elements that may reduce error are outlined. Social pressures on drivers are described.
Abstract