This paper addresses the incorrect use of child restraint systems. TNO Crash-Safety Research Centre started a literature survey and an experimental research programme. The aim was to compare the performance of a forward facing child restraint system which has a symmetrical lower belt anchorage position with one where the anchorage position is asymmetrical. Standard EEC Regulation 44 dynamic sled tests using a real car rear seat were carried out. Several test parameters were varied and their influence was analyzed in terms of dummy head displacement, head accelerations, and chest accelerations. The effect of the belt anchorage location on the restraint effectiveness (Ride-Down-Effect) of the child restraint system was studied. A summary of the literature survey is presented. Among other things, the results show that the dummy head displacement, in this most frequently used child restraint system, is increased by 50 percent if asymmetrical belt anchorage locations are used rather than symmetrical locations. This makes head contact with the car interior very likely in real car crash. Therefore, it is recommended that regulations with respect to child restraint system are compatible with regulations concerning car seats and belts.
Abstract