Abstract
A model for a standing 50 percentile male was developed. It was succesfully used to simulate some common situations for validation and then applied towards the prediction of injury for standing rail passengers. In a full frontal impact, head injury was found to be much more critical than injury to the torso. A multiple passenger simulation showed that refinement of the upperarm model is necessary to predict injuries in more intricate situations. The availability of force versus deformation characteristics of human body segments in multiple directions is required to enable better prediction of injuries to standing passengers. (A)