Nineteen different on-site drug testing devices have been documented, representing approximately 33 brands on the international market. Sixteen are designed for urine, three for saliva, one for sweat. For urine, there exist roughly three kinds of test designs to obtain a result with an on-site drugtest. Seventy percent of the urine devices have a separate amphetamine and methamphetamine test. All devices can be stored at room temperature (15-25 degrees C). Sixty percent of the evaluated devices had a users quotation of good to very good, thirty percent was considered acceptable. Only the Rapiscan saliva tester uses an electronic reader with easy storage of data. The proposed cut-off values for amphetamines, methamphetamine, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates and phencyclidine in urine are similar to the SAMHSA cut-offs. The objective interpretation of the result (absence of a reader), the detection of ecstasy and other designer amphetamines, and the specificity of the tests for the illicit amphetamines and morphine are problem issues. Seven non-instrumental urine devices were evaluated in the laboratory for the screening of amphetamines/methamphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine and opiates.
Abstract