The environmental effects and exploitation costs of different types of electric-driven road transport (automobiles, vans, buses and trucks) have been studied. For each vehicle category a comparison is made by means of a computer model (spreadsheets) between the environmental effects of electric-powered cars and the environmental effects of cars equipped with gasoline engines or diesel engines. Four scenario's (E1-E4) were developed for the transportation sector with a considerable input of electric-driven road transport and electric railbound transport. For each scenario the environmental effects were calculated and compared with overview of the possible applications of electric traction. For each specific application dependent on the annual number of kilometres and type of traffic, the amount of air pollution can be deducted. The effects of a substantial introduction of electric traction in the transportation sector (more than 50% of the road vehicles is a hybrid of electric system) is deducted on the scenario level. An indication is given of the electricity demand pattern in the scenarios. The exploitation costs of electric-powered road vehicles are outlined.
Abstract