Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war die Aktualisierung der Kennlinien zur Parkraumnachfrage, um auf dieser Basis eine Fortschreibung der Empfehlungen für Anlagen des ruhenden Verkehrs (EAR) durchzuführen. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung wurden in 40 Beispielgebieten, die sowohl Oberzentren, Mittelzentren und Unterzentren in Deutschland umfassten, umfangreiche Erhebungen des Parkraumangebotes sowie der Parkraumnachfrage durchgeführt. Auf der Basis der erhobenen Daten, die für rund 10.000 Kfz-Stellplätze in den Untersuchungsgebieten vorliegen, wurden Tagesganglinien - differenziert nach Gebietstypen, Bewirtschaftungsformen und Nutzergruppen - abgeleitet. Wesentlicher Aspekt des angewendeten Verfahrens war die Entwicklung und Nutzung einer sogenannten Parkraummatrix, mit deren Hilfe sich Ergebnisdaten aus Parkraumerhebungen dokumentieren und aufbereiten lassen. Die abgeleiteten normierten Tagesganglinien umfassen auch Angaben zum Anteil der Kurzzeitparker, die für Planungen von Parkraumbewirtschaftungskonzepten genutzt werden können. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Ansatz entwickelt und im Rahmen von Beispielrechnungen getestet, der es ermöglichen soll, die Parkraumnachfrage zu quantifizieren. Eine Verifizierung dieses Ansatzes konnte aufgrund der begrenzten Datengrundlagen nicht erfolgen. (A) Bericht zum Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben 77410/1998 des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen. Titel in Englisch: Characteristics of parking space demand. English abstract: The recommendations for facilities for parked traffic (EAR 91) provide standardised time-variation curves of the source and target traffic – differentiated for individual user groups – for ascertaining parking space requirements. This orientation help is based on 20 years of old analyses which can no longer be regarded as being sufficiently up-to-date. The aim of the investigation was, on the one hand, the updating and further development of the standardised daily time-variation curves of EAR 91 and, on the other hand, the working out of a procedural approach for quantifying the parking space demand. Possible influencing factors, such as the area type, the quality of the available public transport and the respective parking space management was intended to be particularly taken into consideration. An investigation concept was worked out which used empirical approaches for determining up-to-date characteristics of traffic load and its distribution over time. The methodical approach assumes that – in addition to the derivation of parking demand's distribution over time – findings on the volume of traffic load in city centre areas, areas near city centres and residential and commercial areas can provide indicators for the dimensioning of parking space. The following individual steps were carried out within the framework of the investigation: (i) Literature research, in order to document the current state of knowledge and the current practice in dimensioning the available parking space. (ii) Selection of a total of 40 example areas for which parking space demand and its underlying conditions were to be determined. (iii) Analysis of the available parking space in the investigation areas. (iv) Analysis of the available parking space through comprehensive empirical surveys in the investigation areas. (v) Evaluation of the gathered and processed data records with the aim of deriving parameters for quantifying parking space demand and developing standardised characteristics of parking space demand. The selection of the investigation areas was carried out with the aim of trying to cover the entire spectrum of the existing area types, which are differentiated according to their usage, their location, available local public passenger transport and parking space availability. 8 city centre areas and 8 areas near city centres in medium-sized centres, 8 town centre areas and local centres and 4 commercial areas and 4 pure residential areas were included in the investigation. Up to now the available information on parking space demand from different sources is very in homogeneous regarding the survey design and the preparation and evaluation of the results. In order to compensate for this deficit the so-called parking space matrix for the documentation of surveys of parking space was developed and used within the course of the research project. This form of documentation ensures that no information is lost through aggregation. In addition, so-called basic division matrices were developed and in these a division is specified according to user groups, depending on the time when a car is driven in and driven out during a parking manoeuvre. These basic division matrices formed the basis for the differentiation of the parking space demand according to user groups. An evaluation of the parking space demand according to the management form of the parking spaces showed significant differences with regard to the daily time-variation curves, the occupation of the parking spaces, the proportion of short-time parkers and the turnover rates and the degree of utilisation. An additional differentiation according to the quality of public transport and parking space management proved to be unnecessary, since both influencing parameters strongly correlate with the town size. Since some of the daily time-variation curves – differentiated according to user groups – differed considerably, the area type should be taken into consideration as additional criteria when the EAR is re-worked. Apart from this an approach was developed and checked within the course of example calculations, which is aimed at enabling parking space demand to be quantified. In a comprehensive separate annex of the original report there is an area dossier with map illustrations and exact demarcations of the investigation areas and tabular summaries of the respective extent of the survey and the evaluated demand data. This current publication does not include this annex. The annex is available at the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) and can be examined there. References to the annex have been kept in the report text. (A)
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