The paper cites the Brazilian Traffic Code definition if traffic in terms of movements of pedestrians, animals and vehicle and the parking of the latter. Traffic routes through built up areas are described in relation to their components, i.e carriageways for vehicle movements, traffic islands, intersections and pedestrian sidewalks. Tripmaking is described in relation to vehicular movements along the route, pedestrian movements along the route using the sidewalk, pedestrian movements across the road and demand for parking spaces. There is a strong correlation between the extent of tripmaking and the type of land use. A street with only residential buildings will experience comparatively few trips, and the risk of vehicle-pedestrian collisions will be small, except where the configuration of the road allows vehicles to pass at high speed. In these cases, traffic calming measures are introduced. Tripmaking, including pedestrians crossing the road, increases as schools and commercial premises are introduced onto the street. A residential house may generate only six trips per day. A small store may generate ten times this number, while a school may generate 600 trips. Thus there is a correlation between type of land use and traffic volume and hence, the number of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts. In some areas of Brazil the deaths from vehicle-pedestrian collisions account for 70% of all traffic fatalities. In urban planning there is therefore a need to assess the potential change in the rate of tripmaking and traffic conflicts for any change in land use. An analytical system is proposed whereby for each land use change a tabulation of the potential risk in relation to land use parameters (e.g. density of housing, schools, commercial properties) is made for arterial, collect, local streets and bus routes. For the covering abstract see ITRD E137120.
Abstract