In 1995, a study into the `Benefits of slow modes' was commissioned by the Dutch Project Bureau for Integrated Transport Studies (Pb IVVS). The purpose of this study is to find the social benefits (lower environmental costs) and the individual benefits (`unrushing', lower ticket costs) of slow modes. Slow is meant relative here. For example: in the holiday market the high speed train is a `slow' mode in relation to the airplane, but in the day trip market it will be fast with respect to the intercity train. This paper describes the theoretical market opportunities for slow modes in the following eight markets: (1) the commuter market; (2) the short business travel market; (3) the European business travel market; (4) the intercontinental business travel market; (5) the `personal care trip' market; (6) the day trip market; (7) the European holiday market; and (8) the intercontinental holiday market. The hypothesis as slow modes should always have lower environmental costs is tested. See also C 7020 and C 7022.
Abstract