This paper is based on a research project which examines the way car drivers and automated devices cooperate to achieve lateral control of a vehicle. A theoretical classification of automotive devices in terms of human-machine cooperation is presented. Mutual control and function delegation modes are specifically investigated in three experimental studies. All three experiments were conducted using a driving simulator. Driver behaviour was studied under normal driving conditions and in critical situations, with or without the intervention of assistance devices designed to improve lateral control. A new way to help drivers when lane departure was imminent, called motor priming was the main focus of the project up till now. Initial results suggest that a motor priming device (asymmetric steering wheel vibrations) is more effective than more traditional warning devices. Preliminary findings also suggest that some negative behavioural adaptation occurs when a car’s lateral position is fully controlled. Findings were very encouraging for the future development of in-car automation using motor priming devices. However, before any such application can go ahead, it will be necessary to carry out further experiments, using real traffic conditions and more complex scenarios. Support systems for steering control should be designed in such a way that their action blends into drivers’ perceptual and motor processes. Acting at the symbolic level may not be sufficient. (Author/publisher)
Abstract