This research project aimed to provide safety and security guidelines for transportation tunnel owners and operators. To accomplish this task, a team of experienced tunnel designers, builders, and operations personnel collaborated with safety and security experts to address the questions that a tunnel owner or operator may face in the post-9/11 environment, including the following: What natural hazards and intentional threats do I face?; How would they be introduced?; What are the vulnerable areas of my tunnel?; How much of a disturbance would there be?; How can I avoid these hazards and threats?; How can I prepare myself for this disturbance if it occurs? While risks to tunnels derive from both intentional threats related to crime and terrorism and hazards related to natural (i.e., unintentional) events, the risks often have the same tunnel vulnerabilities and damage potential and may share common countermeasures. Therefore, in this http://gulliver.trb.org/publications/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_525v12.pdf This report may be accessed by Internet users at report, threat- and hazard-related characteristics and countermeasures are typically treated together in text and tables, except where specifically noted. The recommendations for countermeasures presented in this report are intended for implementation by the tunnel owner or operator. This implementation may occur in part or whole depending on the local conditions and, importantly, the level of risk faced by the owner or operator. The owner or operator will also need to balance the implementation of structural and/or operational countermeasures with funding constraints. The countermeasures are presented as a menu of items that the owner or operator may select from. Issues of funding are not extensively explored in this report. (Author/publisher)
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