Abstract
The subject of this study is the discrepancy that has emerged during the past few decades between science and reality. This has been caused by the growing complexity of the real world and by the level of specialization in the study of the empirical world by different disciplines. Because of these developments, It has become more and more difficult for the manager to act as an intermediate between science (different disciplines) and reality (the organization in a complex world). The main purpose of this study is to describe the above-mentioned changes in the manager's situation and to give some recommendations for future research.