This paper summarizes the results of a literature survey concerning the aspects relevant for mathematical modelling of the human cervical spine. Both relatively simple two pivot models and the more detailed discrete parameter and finite element models describing head-neck dynamics are reviewed. Attention is also given to data on the physical properties of cervical spine components, and to experiments which can be used to validate a cervical spine model. It is concluded that a number of sophisticated models are available in the literature. However, these models do not simulate the relative head motion better than two pivot models do. It is also concluded that both data on the material characteristics of cervical components and data for a detailed validation of local vertebral movements are incomplete. Recommendations for additional experimental research are given. (A)
Abstract