In 1968, a new company called The Minicars group of the General Motors Research Laboratories developed prototype electric, gas and hybrid electric powered versions of a small car for the U.S. government. In 1970, Minicarswas a subcontractor to AMF for the development of its Experimental SafetyVehicle. The Minicars' Research Safety Vehicle (RSV) was conceived in 1975 as a 1985 prototype. It was to be an S3E vehicle: Safe, Environmental, Efficient and Economical. It was built with foam filled, thin wall sheet metal sections and a polyurethane skin. This car passively protected occupants in 80 kph (50 mph) full frontal, 129 kph (80 mph) half car offset frontal, 64 kph (40 mph) angled side, rear and 48 kph (30 mph) rollover dynamictests. An electronic version incorporated antilock brakes, radar separation cruise control, and emergency braking when a crash was unavoidable. A production version was to weigh 2,200 pounds, carry four people, and achieve 32 mpg. It also had 16 kph (10 mph) frontal and rear no damage bumpers and 80 km (50 mile) run flat tires. Only years later have advanced air bags- as featured in the RSV - become standard in all light vehicles. In the decades since the ESV program and dynamic regulatory testing began, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) now estimates that airbags save 2,500 lives annually, but fatalities area about 12,000 people in frontal, 9,000 in side and over 10,000 in rollover crashes. The full text ofthis paper may be found at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv21/09-0480.pdf For the covering abstract see ITRD E145407.
Abstract