This paper compares different approaches to personal mobility management in urban areas across Europe. The three approaches studied are classified into legal, object oriented and environmental. In the legal approach, rules and regulations provide goals and targets and show the technical means for traffic planning. A major result is the application of urban traffic plans, but these sometimes produce a quantity of diverse projects. The object oriented approach uses financial support to encourage local authorities to elaborate transport plans. A process and political procedure are set up, implemented, evaluated and proposed for broader application. The environmental approach is characterised by the French experience, where energy saving and air quality are the main preoccupations, and plans for these involve traffic circulation and safety. In all approaches, public participation is needed. Integration of mobility management and urban planning is affirmed in several legal bodies and guidelines, and road safety is a widely acknowledged value. For the covering abstract see ITRD E118896.
Abstract