This paper describes new mathematical formulations of the neck, and of the upper and lower torso elements of the Hybrid III dummy. The paper describes these formulations in the MAthematical DYnamic MOdel (MADYMO) format. The modifications are assumed to improve the mathematical predictions of experimental results. Like the dummy neck the suggested mathematical neck has five pivots. The elastic properties have been established through measurements on the mechanical neck. The energy-dissipating properties have been tuned to obtain a response in agreement with the calibration requirements on the mechanical neck. The more detailed neck representation is assumed to improve the understanding of the neck response to various impacts. It also has the potential to increase the biofidelity of the Hybrid III dummy. The upper torso has been made flexible by means of two connected elements. The relevant properties of this system have been tuned to meet the calibration requirements on the mechanical chest. For the lower torso, a contact contour that well resembles the corresponding contour of the mechanical dummy has been designed. A correct contact contour in this area is considered to be essential for obtaining a proper response from the mathematical model.
Abstract