There are three main ways of controling emissions from vehicles: by improving vehicle technology; by improving vehicle fuels; and by controlling emissions from vehicles which are in use. Emission inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs are one of the control options for in-use vehicle emissions. They are designed to reduce vehicle emissions by identifying vehicles with high emission levels, and ensuring that they get repaired. I/M programs consist of a compulsory, regularly scheduled emission inspection of vehicles registered in a designated area. The I/M test usually consists of a visual inspection of the emission control components on a vehicle and an exhaust emission measurement. A vehicle which fails the test must be repaired, usually up to a maximum repair cost limit. A comprehensive I/M program is currently operating in the Vancouver area. Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and New Brunswick are also investigating various in-use emission control programs. The current status of the provincial initiatives as well as I/M program considerations, factors and future trends are discussed in detail in this report. (A)
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