Motorisation trends in developing countries to 1995 are reviewed. The potential for this to increase in response to population growth and urbanisation is explained. The costs and benefits of motorisation are reviewed in relation to the outstripping of infrastructure in these countries. The developing countries are predicted to be the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions by 2010 but concern is greatest for local health impacts, impaired visibility and damage to cultural artefacts. Lead and particulate matter pollution are major problems in developing countries although they have fewer cars than OECD countries. Urban area congestion is also much higher in developing countries than in OECD countries because of the limited public finance for road infrastructure. The mix of motorised and non-motorised transport and the higher frequency of breakdowns in old vehicles further add to the traffic problems of developing countries. An epidemic of road traffic accidents in developing countries is reported, along with the urgent need to find affordable and appropriate solutions. The activities of the World Bank in promoting traffic safety are outlined.
Abstract