The mechanical behavior of concrete materials depends on structural elements and phenomena that occur on a micro and a nano scale. As a result, nanotechnology can: modify the molecular structure of concrete material to improve the material's bulk properties; improve significantly the mechanical performance, volume stability, durability, and sustainability of concrete; and have revolutionary effects, allowing the development of cost-effective, high-performance, and long-lasting products and processes for cement and concrete, within the ideals of sustainable development. In addition, nanoengineering and the modification of concrete materials can lead to unprecedented uses of concrete materials, as well as new classifications of concrete, with extensive applications for the concrete infrastructure of transportation. [Entire article]
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