In this paper a discussion on alternative instruments available to the government for formulating its environmental policy is presented and the implications for the transport sector. Irrespective of the type of instruments used in the formulation of the environmental policies, their consequences on the transport sector are of great importance. Of special importance are changes in mobility and competition among different transport modes. Extensive studies have been undertaken to measure the impact of carbon dioxide limitation on the different sectors of the Norwegian economy. Because of the significant role of the transport sector in this respect, the Norwegian government requested a more extensive study of this sector. We will present a summary of these studies along with the evaluations of different policy scenarios and conclusions. One of the main conclusions of this study is the importance of an international agreement on reduction of greenhouse gases.
Abstract