Wrong-way driving is still a negative factor in traffic safety. Entering an exit on motorways from a secondary road results in the largest proportion of wrong-way drivers. Several times it has been suggested to place pavement arrow markings on exits to indicate the driving direction in order to prevent wrong-way driving. Under contract with the Netherlands Transport Research Centre (AVV) of the Department of Public Works, the TNO Human Factors Research Institute designed a pavement arrow marking. This marking is expected to be most optimal in reducing the number of wrong-way driving incidents. Attention is paid to the shape of the arrow, its size, the location in longitudinal and transverse profile, and the possible hindrance for traffic that uses the exit in the correct direction. Based on a brainstorm with experts in the area of visual perception, traffic and psychology, an arrow has been selected that bears a resemblance to the standard arrow, but that appears larger and is more pointed, partly due to the characteristic head of the arrow. This arrow is assumed to be the most effective in drawing the attention of wrong-way drivers, since the arrow will keep its characteristic shape under most circumstances. The arrow scores well in terms of conspicuity, characteristic arrow features, distinctness, and clarity. (A)
Abstract