The legal basis for areawide management of parking places are embodied in the (Austrian) Motor Vehicles Regulations of 1960 (Strassenverkehrsordnung; StVO). Articles 25 and 43, paragraph 1 lit. B, allow the establishment of limited-parking zones and articles 43, paragraph 2, and 45, paragraph 4, the issuance of exemption permits for the cars of residents within an area defined by public notice. Articles 45, paragraph 2, regulates the issuance of exemption permits for the motor vehicles of firms and other persons. Case Study: Parking Area Policy of the City of Vienna. The system of management of parking places in Vienna was introduced in the City in 1993 and in the years after in the districts 4, 5 and 6 to 9. The districts 2 and 20 followed in March 1999, and the 3rd district in November 1999. This marked the end of the extension of management of parking places to further districts or parts of them. Scientific studies have furnished proof that managing the parking places creates more of them and reduces the traffic volume. It was one of the main purposes of management of parking places to bring about a change in traffic behaviour, especially of commuters coming and leaving by car. After the introduction of the system 25% of the employees and visitors reoriented themselves, going now by the means of public transport. Another 12% have evaded to private parking place or garages. Only 5% have now parking their cars in neighbouring districts not under management. Approximately one third of the drivers (33%) are buying limited-parking slips. Summing up, it can be stated that management of parking places in Vienna has much eased the traffic situation in the municipal area built up densely and that, therefore, the system has gained acceptance with the majority of the persons affected.
Abstract