Abstract
This paper describes 2 experiments that examined 3-D pathway displays in a head-up location for aircraft landing and taxi. Both guidance performance and pilot strategies in dividing, focusing, and allocating attention between flight path information and event monitoring are addressed. The results of both experiments are interpreted within the framework of object- and space-based theories of visual attention and point to the conclusion that pathway head-up displays combine the independent advantages of pathways and head-up displays, particularly during ground operations. Actual or potential applications include understanding the costs and benefits of positioning a 3-D display in a head-up location.