This paper examines how bicycle promotion can be incorporated into Transportation Demand Management (TDM) programs. Bicycle transportation benefits are reviewed with respect to various transportation improvement goals, including reducing traffic congestion, alleviating air pollution, reducing parking demand, user cost savings, energy conservation, mobility for non-drivers, health promotion and sustainable urban development. The potential of bicycling as a transportation mode is considered. Potential problems associated with increased bicycling and bicycle encouragement programs are examined. Specific bicycle transportation encouragement strategies are discussed and guidelines provided for incorporating bicycling into TDM programs. Most conclusions also apply to walking for transportation. This paper updates and expands on the information in an article by the same title published in Transportation Research Record, No. 1441 (Nonmotorized Transportation Around the World, see ST 950123 S), 1994, pp. 134-140.
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