Abstract
The financial tensions and demanding investment criteria being applied to road maintenance in New Zealand make it difficult to justify investment in pavement replacement based on economic analysis of user benefits. As a result, there has been: (a) A notable increase in the average life of pavements (b) More resurfacing treatments applied over the life cycle of the pavement (c) Challenges in determining what the "do minimum" treat is, and (d) Heightened awareness of the safety features New pavement maintenance techniques, which are based on top surface layer recycling and have been developed in response to these maintenance issues, are discussed. For the covering abstract see ITRD E135448.